nav aids past quens form dg paper

nav aids past quesn for writtens >>>

NAVAIDS

GPS

1.       Discuss various errors of GPS? What are the means adopted for recognizing & rectifying them?

2.       What is the significance of Navigational data message of GPS? What factors affect the accuracy of GPS?

3.       How the ship’s position is obtained by a GPS? Also explain how speed is calculated?

4.       How a fix is obtained by GPS? What are the equations used in the calculation? How the receiver finds out satellite clock error & user clock bias?

5.       What are the main sources of error and their expected approximate values in GPS?

6.       Explain the principle of DGPS? What is the accuracy of DGPS fix?

7.       Describe the segments of GPS?

8.       Explain significance of GDOP?

9.       What are the performance standards of GPS?

ECHO SOUNDERS

1.       State the performance standards for an echo sounder?

2.       What is phasing in an echo sounder? What are its advantages and limitations?

3.       What is ranging and phasing in an echo sounder? Draw & explain

4.       Explain the importance of echo sounder performance with regard to siting position?

5.       Explain the factors considered for choosing the transmission freq of echo sounder?

6.       What are various errors of echo sounder? How you maintain the equipment?

7.       What corrections are applied for comparing echo sounder reading with charted depths?

8.       What are the various types of transducers used in echo sounder? Discuss their advantages & disadvantages?

DOPPLER

1.       Explain Doppler effect & describe how it is used in Doppler speed log? Explain the use of Janus configuration?

2.       Explain factors affecting accuracy of Doppler speed log?

3.       Describe the sources of error in a Doppler log & how they are taken into account while using the equipment?

4.       What is the accuracy of a speed log as per performance standards?

5.       What are the performance standards of Doppler log?

6.       Explain the effect of rolling, pitching, heaving of vessel on fore & aft speed indicated by Doppler log (Janus configuration)

7.       What are the advantages of Doppler log over other logs?

LRIT

1.       Write short notes on LRIT?

ECDIS

1.       What is Dual Fuel in ECDIS? What are advantages of ECDIS over paper charts? (2)

2.       Differentiate raster & vector charts?

3.       What are the performance standards of ECDIS?

4.       What are the different types of electronic charts? Give their advantages & disadvantages?

5.       Enumerate the requirements of ECDIS and its backup as per performance standards?

6.       Show how facilities offered by ECDIS make the process of passage planning faster and fool proof than traditional methods?

7.       What are the advantages of ECDIS over paper charts?

8.       Define Standard display, base display, ENC, SENC?

9.       How will you correct the ECDIS charts? (2)

10.   As per performance standards what all alarms are associated with ECDIS?

AIS

1.       What are the advantages & limitations of AIS? (2)

2.       What are the carriage requirement of AIS?

3.       What all information is received by AIS?

4.       Explain how the AIS work?

5.       What do you mean by STDMA. How this is utilized in AIS?

6.       Explain use of AIS for collision avoidance?

VDR

1.       What is the carriage requirement for VDR & S VDR? What are the requirements for annual performance test of VDR? Which ships are required to be fitted with float free capsule for VDR?

2.       Explain different modules of VDR? (2)

3.       What is the purpose of a VDR?

4.       What data will be recorded by an approved VDR?

5.       Give IMO performance standards of VDR?

ROTI

1.       Explain with the aid of a sketch how will you plan a turn using radar, ROTI, rudder angle indicator & speed log?

2.       Describe the use of ROTI? What are their performance standards? How will you calculate the ROT for a constant radius turn?

3.       Describe the use of ROTI, what are its performance standards? What is the procedure for executing a constant radius turn?

4.       What do you understand by controlled radial steering? How it is used for executing constant radius turn? (2)

5.       What factors are considered for choosing the radius of turn?

6.       Derive a relation between speed of vessel and radius of turn?

7.       Discuss navigational situations where controlled radial steering is used? What factors are considered planning a controlled radius turn?

8.       Explain the procedure to plan a controlled radial turn? What factors are considered choosing the radius of the turn?

9.       How will you plan a constant radius turn for 70 degrees when vessel is to be at least 10nm from nearest land. Indicate turn line and wheel over line? Derive the formulae used?

10.   How will you plan a turn of 70 degrees on a VLCC 350000 tons DWT using ROTI?

NAV EQUIPMENT CARRIGE AS PER SOLAS

1.       What are the carriage requirements for Navigational equipment as per SOLAS for ships with GRT 10000 – 50000?

AUTO PILOT

1.       What controls are provided on an autopilot?

2.       Explain the working of an autopilot with a neat block diagram?

3.       As per IMO performance standards what precautions should be taken while using autopilot?

IBS

1.       What are the main components of IBS?

2.       What are the advantages & disadvantages of IBS?

3.       What are the performance standards of IBS?

4.       Explain the concept of IBS?

5.       What are the main features which have attributed into making IBS a reality? Explain different modules of INS?